PESTEL analysis for Bank Barclays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PESTEL analysis for Bank Barclays - Essay Example History of the Barclays Bank The history of the bank can be tracked down to the year 1690 when two persons named John Feame and Thomas Gould commenced trading in Lombard Street of London basically as goldsmith bankers. In the year 1736, James Barclay became a part of the operation and since then the name Barclays has been related with the bank, however, only in the year 1896 the company got its name as Barclays Bank. Barclays expanded it’s tentacles in business by acquiring a number of smaller operations in all these years and expanded its business all over the UK and worldwide (Financial Advice, n.d.). In the year 1925, the international operations of the bank gained acceleration after the mergers with Colonial Bank, National Bank of South Africa and Anglo Egyptian Bank. The year 1961 saw the opening of the bank’s first computer operated branch in London on Drummond Street. In 1966, the UK got its first credit card which was launched by the Barclays Bank. The first ban k to make use of advertising in the television was also the Barclays in 1972. The bank has also tied up with Post Office Ltd. to spread out its services in personal banking, particularly in the sector of unsecured and secured loans. The Barclays Bank is spread over 50 countries and attends to 27 million customers (The Origin of, 2008). PESTEL Analysis of the Banking Industry Political Analysis Banks in the UK are trying to draw on research performed by Pricewaterhouse Coopers and the study shows that rigid rules in the banking industry will drain a sum of ?1tn from the financial system. As a result of which the businesses and the households would be deprived of any form of credit and loans. The regulatory changes that are being made in 2011 would require the banks to keep larger capital cushions (Treanor, 2010). The â€Å"Big Four† banks in the UK that have resisted radical shake-up calls in their business after the announcement of the bank reform report are Royal Bank of Sco tland, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group and HSBC. The expected subsidiarisation model states that allocation of capital has to be made to different country operations and units by the bank. This would eventually pressurise the top lenders of the UK for new capital requirements (Reuters, 2011). Economic Analysis Banking sectors are the basic providers of financial services. Therefore, the factors such as tax, inflation rate and interest rates have strong influence. According to the latest information it has been discovered that the banks in the UK that deals in loan primarily would be discussing about the prospects of expected investments by the tax payers, with the concerned authorities (Economy Watch, 2011). The UK is within the top 30 rich countries with the UK’s GDP per capita being $37,400. Out of which the contribution of the financial sector remains to be the highest being 76.2% of GDP (Economy Watch, 2011). Social Analysis Demographics influence the banking industry to a great extent. The factors that are having a significant impact in relation to banking sector are mortgage, living standard, total

Wine tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wine tourism - Essay Example Gastronomic supply is therefore increasingly shaped by tourist demand, highlighting the considerable potential wine and gastronomic products have in national and international tourist markets. Taking the region as the basic context of all tourist products, this paper analyses wine and gastronomic components of the product in detail, trying to underline the added value of aggregating or network logic in the development of typical agro-alimentary products and tourism.In many European countries, the situation of wine tourism appears to be complex and variegated, but also dynamic and rich in social, cultural and economic implications (Mitchell, 2000, 115-35). In order to realize its potential, it is essential that all actors involved implement a common entrepreneurial logic integrating wine tourism into the global tourist offer. In theory, this would allow them to take advantage of the strong synergies that can be achieved and to transform local land planning into a crucial instrument fo r sustainable development policy. Wine tourism is now emerging as one of the most promising segments of the tourism sector. Nevertheless, organizational and managerial capabilities lag behind in many places. It is highly likely that networks are needed to build an efficient and competitive network, to market high quality products and to safeguard the region's positive image. It is also an assumption in this paper that it is important to identify and encourage agricultural development through specialized and typical regional products, which can be protected and promoted through legislation, such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. This will provide the basis for a solid and durable success both in tourism and agriculture, engendering revenue and employment benefits, especially in less developed areas. Rural Tourism and Wine Tourism: New Trends in the Tourist Market Alternative forms of tourism, which place emphasis on greater contact and understanding between tourists and the environment, emerged relatively recently. The various forms of environmental tourism can be grouped under the generic term of 'rural tourism', mainly practised away from traditional tourism destinations such as seaside and mountain resorts and art cities. Rural areas provide the backdrop for various forms of tourist behaviour, including sports, horse-riding, hunting, tasting wine and gastronomic products and learning about cooking, bird watching, photography, etc. (Goldsmith, 2001, 77-80). Rural tourism has long been considered a second-choice product, reserved for people with limited resources, who chose the countryside because they could not afford more attractive destinations. The re-discovery of tradition essentially based on typical products and rural lifestyles has only recently brought about a new rural tourism which is quite often able to offer high-standard services in terms of prices and quality. The new specific demand for environmental interaction in authentic settings (Spawton, 2005, 19-21) is deeply entrenched in the rural environment: tourists are interested in nature and tradition. 'Real' rural tourism only started to develop in the 1980s. From this point of view, local culture and the natural features of a rural environment become the real highlights. In the specific case of wine tourism, wine and other typical products of the local cuisine become real tourist attractions and a motivation to visit the countryside. Such motivations can be either exclusive - gastronomic

Problem Of The Piazza D Italia Cultural Studies Essay

Problem Of The Piazza D Italia Cultural Studies Essay With public space or areas we usually mean roads, streets, squares, beaches and parks, but also free accessible government buildings and public institutions are part of public space. The moment public areas have been formed they have been a platform for gathering people and groups from different origins. It is a place where people can meet socially and exchange ideas. Public spaces play a social as well as a political role in society and are the mirror of this society. (Carr et al.,1992) Creating such places has always been a point of discussion from the beginning. Especially since the 20th century public areas went through major changes. It is therefore that their role and existence in the future are in the 21st century more than ever a point of discussion. These discussions have started with the arrival of modern times. In this period there have been realized different public spaces which each in their own way have given a contribution to these discussions. There are some creations which are very successful, but also some projects which are less prosperous. Within modern time we can distinguish different periods of style and of movements, of which the post-modern style is a good example. Piazza d Italia in New Orleans, Louisiana, designed by Charles Moore, is such a public space project of post-modernism. From the beginning until the very present there have been different discussions in architectural society as well as in public circles about the role of the Piazza dItalia as a public area. The Piazza knows some restrictions within the way the design has been realized, which causes that people do often feel that the square cannot be experienced as a public space. In this essay there will be researched what causes the hidden problem of the Piazza d Italia. The square often gives an isolated and estranged impression toward its users. The reason for this can have different causes. That is why it is important to research with this essay why en how the Piazza gives the impression of isolation and strangeness and also why the visitors do not experience this square as a real public space. Ultimate goal is to find out on which parts there have been discussions in the past and, more important, during the post-modernism period and if these discussions are still up to date with the present 21st century. The structure of this essay is as follows: within this research it is important to know what postmodern architecture really means. In the first part we will get into detail by looking at the beginning of this period, the characteristics and to what extent this period differs from the modern architecture. The second part will then describe the Piazza d Italia. First of all we will look at the ideology and ideas of Charles Moore about its role as a public space within society, referring to his essay: You Have To Pay For The Public Life from 1965. The next step is describing the original design of the Piazza and subsequently the most recent result of the design. In the third part of the essay we will, according to the book Architectural Positions, compare the recent Piazza d Italia with the various themes and essays as written by different architects. We will look into the differences and similarities between the Piazza dItalia and the theories in the book Architectural Positions. In the final part of the essay there will be the conclusion which will summarize the result of this essay and where the conclusions about the problem of the Piazza dItalia will be designated. Postmodernism In this part of the essay we will look into the meaning of postmodernism as a style within architecture. Also it is important to know how postmodernism has taken shape, its charactistics and in what respect it differs from modern architecture. While answering these questions we will use the book Architectural Position and the Western history of architecture. Postmodernism is a style within the architecture which has formed around 1960 as a response to modernism. Modernism is characterized by very straight, functional designs, without any ornament. According to reviewers this led to a certain extent of uniformity. Postmodern architecture however characterizes itself by its free shapes, fanciful details and references to the past. Postmodernism is since the eighties on the rise and has an important position within the modern-day architecture. According to the Dutch philosopher Rene Boomkens there are four historical and philosophical stages of modernity which have eventually have led to postmodernism: The first one starts in the mid-nineteenth century, when new inventions, scientific breakthroughs, and the rise of industry inspired amazement, but also a distinct sense of ephemerality (Avermaete et al., 2009). The second stage, between the two world wars, the liberating and progressive potential of modernity was strongly emphasized. Scientific and technological advances inspired profound confidence in the perfectibility of society and the progress of culture generally meaning Western culture. Modernity was experienced as distant from the past and aiming at the future (Avermaete et al., 2009). The third stage of modernity had a more diffuse character. It showed both regressive and progressive tendencies and reached its apex in the late 1960s, with the sexual revolution, and the Paris protest of May 1968 and the Amsterdam Provo movement. One key feature of this stage was the emergence of the welfare state and mass culture, resulting in growing economic prosperity and social mobility, but also in an increasing process of individualizations (Avermaete et al., 2009). The fourth stage is postmodernity. The difference between modern and postmodern architecture can essentially be reduced to the use of ornaments, embellishment, local specialties and rich details from which the modern architecture has taken a distance. But we do see them in postmodern architectureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Piazza d Italia Regarding this research we will take a look in this chapter at the Piazza dItalia in New Orleans, designed by postmodern architect Charles Moore. In his essay: You have to pay for the public life, 1965, Charles Moore starts a discussion about the role of Disneyland as a public space. Charles Moore describes Disneyland as a very important and successful place, offering possibilities to the changeability of public environment. He describes how in this fantasyland full with dreams, stories, small and large dramas, visitors get the possibility to recreate, watch, and be watched in this area. Also Charles Moore deems the success of Disney is due to the fact that the designers of Disneyland used historical buildings and public places to recreate a world with which visitors can identify themselves and a space which they can create as their own. The fact that visitors have to pay a fee at the entrance to get into Disneyland, guarantees that Disneyland as public space will stay clean and tidy and that there is no place for junks and vagabonds, according to Charles Moore in his essay. Also Charles Moore discusses in his essay the rise of privatizing modern American cities, like floating groups of islands, which can only be reached by car, and how these cities miss the re-imagination of the public qualities which Disneyland creates. During the seventies Charles Moore tries to learn a lesson from his admiration for Disneyland and to use the positive qualities in his design for Piazza d Italia in the centre of New Orleans in America. Piazza dItalia is an urban public square in the centre of New Orleans, Louisiana in the United States of America. It has been designed in 1978 as a social gathering centre for the Italian community, which lived there in large numbers during the seventies. Charles Moores design consisted of a city block which contained an already existing high office tower and around this block he designed a single-floored building where different activities, publicly as well as commercially attached to the American Italian community, were housed . In the middle of this building there was a round square with lots of decorative motives and ornaments, with a wide range of influences from Egyptian to Art Deco. From the design we can easily conclude that Charles Moore, like in Disneyland, uses historical references to stimulate a feeling of re-imagination with its visitors. Already from the beginning Piazza dItalia, as an urban public space, was confronted with problems regarding further developments. It appeared that it was impossible to find public or private investors who would be prepared to pay for further development and realization of the square. The result of this shortcoming of investors led to a totally different Piazza dItalia of the year 2012 than was meant by the original design, because only a part has been realized of what Charles Moore has designed. This square consists of a revolving plateau with tiles in different shades of grey, light and dark, which like an amphitheatre draws the attention to the fountain, forme d as in an Italian landscape, surrounded by bright coloured concrete pillars. Furthermore the square holds a belfry as an entrance at the south side and at the north side there is a passage which reminds of a keyhole. The square is located at the foot of the office building and is surrounded by streets and parking places. As a result of the unfinished state of affairs the Piazza dItalia is also known to be named the first postmodern ruin. Themes In this chapter the most recent result of the Piazza d Italia will be criticized and be searched according to a few themes from the book Architectural Position combined by Tom Avermate, Klaske Havik and Hans Treeds. As described in the introduction, Piazza dItalia gives an aliented and isolated feeling in regard to its environment and this results in that people do not feel it as a real public space in which one can recreate. To find out what the problem is the Piazza will be discussed and compared on the basis of several themes from the book Architectural position. The first theme is the definition. The essay of Adriaan Geuze will be reviewed and there will be made a comparison between the ideology of public space by Adriaan Geuze with the Piazza dItalia and in what ways there can be found similarities. Adriaan Geuze writes in his essay Accerating Darwin that Public space must challenge, provoke and disorient, he argues that only when the users of urban spaces are given an active role and can make spaces in the city their own, its possible to speak of a significant urban experience, a real public sphere. In this essay Adriaan Geuze describes the Maasvlakte near Rotterdam to explain his conviction about the definition of public space. The Maasvlakte is an industrial area and as such part of the port area of Rotterdam. This area has been described by Geuze as an unprogrammed public space which gives its users the opportunity to recreate and to make the space their own. This withstanding the fact that this area never was meant to be recreational, but is actually in use by industrial factories and warehouses with a lot of heavy truck traffic. According to Adriaan Geuze the Maasvlakte is the ultimate public space for its users because they are totally free to use the space in their own way, since they are not restricted and isolated by defined and assigned spaces. Also Adriaan Geuze says in his essay that ÃÆ' ¯nterventions in public space, or rather, in the public landscape, should no longer be focused on generating greenery, the real challenge is to create space and textures for city dwellers to colonize in their turn. Nature can play a role in this but is not a priori the main role. If we should make a comparison between the essay of Adriaan Geuze and the Piazza dItalia in its present situation, the conclusion can be made that the Piazza does not suffice at all to the ideology and ideas of Adriaan Geuze. The Piazza is too programmed because it is surrounded by parking lots and office buildings. Furthermore the square itself makes a statement with its appearance. Therefore there is no freedom for visitors to create their own and to recreate. If the square had been developed according to the first design of Charles Moore, than indeed it would have given this space, combined with surrounding activities. This would have given visitors the feeling of freedom. The square would have been surrounded by locations and activities, which would have strengthen the picture of an Italian oasis in the busy American grid structure. A place to go to happily, escaping the city. Also Adriaan Geuze states that nature itself can help with improving the qualities of public space. However, with the Piazza we can establish that, while the square is unfinished, there is no way of using nature to embellish the space. The second theme is Monumentality for which we use the essay The Monumentally Informalby James Stirling, 1984. In this essay Stirling connects the question of monumental to a buildings ability to communicate with larger social groups. Convinced that a public building should be monumental as well as informal and populist, Stirling categorizes his realized projects in two terms: abstract and the representational. Abstract is being the style related to modern movement and the language derived from cubism, constructivism, the Style and all the ism of the new architecture. Representational is being related to tradition, the vernacular, history, recognition of the familiar and generally the more timeless concerns of the architectural heritage. When comparing the Piazza dItalia with the vision of Stirling in his essay, one can conclude that it is better to place the Piazza in the category representational. The square refers in an exaggerated way to historical references and traditions, while the category abstract is totally absent. The absence of the Abstract is maybe a reason that the square is no t being experienced as a modern monument, because it simply does not have its own character in which one can recognize its era. Instead we recognize the square more or less as a historical ruin. Historical ruins draw attention to the visitors, because they have a story to tell and their own rich history. Generally ruins are an attraction as such and are public places for which one has to pay to visit, like Charles Moore describes in his previously mentioned essay Disneyland. However, as a ruin Piazza dItalia sadly misses its back-up story and history, so it cannot be an attraction in this relation. Conclusion In the context of this essay the question has been made why the Piazza dItalia leaves such an isolating and estranged impression, causing it not to be a public space experience. In this conclusion it will be emphasized that this essay is directed to the most recent result and not to the original design of Charles Moore. In the three parts of this essay there has been research to the various opinions and ideas of other architects to be able to answer the research question. As a result of this research there can be concluded that the reason why the square is not a success, can be related to the fact that the square is a strange element within an urban environment, with contrasting contexts. We can also conclude that the square is a by all means a presence because of its image and looks, without possibilities for visitors to recreate and make the space their own. As James Stirling describes the role of public buildings in his essay, a public space should be abstract as well as having av ailable representative qualities. The fact that the square looks like a ruin, without any associated (historical) characteristics, leads to alienation. Furthermore the square presents many historical references, which are completely out of context and are clearly unfinishedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The English architectural critic Charles Jencks pointed out that the quality of the square resided in the fact that it appealed simultaneously to at least two groups: to architects and an engaged minority that are concerned with architectural problems, but also to the broad public or visitors that are interested in questions of comfort, of traditional building methods and lifestyle. This combination of popular and specialist elements and images were the ideal recipe to reconcile the tension between the architect and the users of public space. AVERMAETE, T., HAVIK, K. TEERDS, H. 2009. Introduction. In: AVERMAETE, T., HAVIK, K. TEERDS, H. (eds.) Architectural Positions. Amsterdam: SUN

Heroism in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Heroism in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Who are the true heroes in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello? What is their perspective on making deep sacrifice for what they believe in? Let’s find the heroes and analyze their perspective on suffering voluntarily.    Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† considers Iago’s wife Emilia to be a true hero of the play because of her fearless outlook on death itself:    Emilia’s silence while her mistress lived is fully explicable in terms of her character. She shares with her husband the generalizing trick and is well used to domestic scenes. The jealous, she knows,    are not ever jealous for the cause But jealous for they are jealous.    If it was not the handkerchief it would be something else. Why disobey her husband and risk his fury? It would not do any good. This is what men are like. But Desdemona dead sweeps away all such generalities and all caution. At this sight, Emilia though ‘the world is a huge thing’ finds that there is a thing she will not do for it. By her heroic disregard for death she gives the only ‘proof’ there can be of Desdemona’s innocence: the testimony of faith. (145)    At the outset of the play Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to the noise and Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigo’s help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona. Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the general stands wit... ...lling her. She dies an unsung heroine of the play, giving her life for what she believes in, namely the innocence of her lady and the guilt of her husband. The abrupt change in her character toward the end of the play is a pleasant surprise.    Despondent Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, acts heroically, following the example of Emilia. He stabs himself and dies on the bed next to the one he has wronged.    WORKS CITED    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.   

Epidemiology Of Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

This brings me to the Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity. One of the Major wellness jobs that plague the United States is Childhood fleshiness. Since the 1980 the sums of kids who have been considered fleshiness have been at an dismaying rise and the prevalence among kids under the age of 12 has more than doubled. â€Å" Harmonizing to the 1999-2002 National Health Association ( NHA ) study, 16 per centum of kids ages 6-19 old ages are overweight. The major population that seems to be plagued by childhood fleshiness are minority population. NHA found that African American and Mexican American striplings ages 12-19 were more likely to be overweight, A than non-Hispanic White adolescents.A The disparity of being overweight in the adolescences has been the major subscriber to a high hazard of developing high cholesterin, high blood pressure, respiratory complaints, orthopaedic jobs, depression and Type 2 Diabetes as a young person. One disease of peculiar concern is Type 2 Diabetes. Due to these addition in negative wellness behaviours The infirmary costs entirely associated with childhood fleshiness were estimated at $ 127 million during 1997-1999 ( in 2001 changeless U.S. dollars ) , up from $ 35 million during 1979-1981 † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p 1 ) The epidemiology triangle long-run effects of being an fleshy stripling is that there is a 70 % opportunity of them going overweight or corpulent grownups and 80 % if one or more parent in the place A is fleshy or corpulent. When fleshiness in childhood falls over into maturity, it increases the hazard of diabetes, high blood force per unit area, high cholesterin, asthma, arthritis, and a general hapless wellness position. In 2000, the entire cost of fleshiness for kids and grownups in the United States was estimated to be $ 117 billion where $ 61 billion are direct medical costs ( The World and I, 2006 ) . Childhood fleshiness has many finding factors.A The most outstanding factor that causes childhood fleshiness are A deficiency of physical activity, Unhealthy feeding, genetic sciences and societal factors, † socio-economic position, race/ethnicity, media and selling, and the physical environment are besides lending factors to child goon fleshiness. † ( Kumanyika, 2008 ) . In general, kids and striplings are eating more foodsA at fast nutrient eating houses than they are eating at place, imbibing more sugary drinks, and bite on more unhealthy nutrients like french friess and french friess often. This alteration is contributed to the American demand for Convenience. This is taking more people to devour speedy service or eating house repasts or to purchasing microwavable ready-to-eat, low cost, rapidly accessible repasts to fix at place. â€Å" The nutritionary composing of kids ‘s diets every bit good as the figure of Calories consumed is of involvement to find the consequence of nutrient ingestion on childhood fleshiness. In relation, part sizes increased between 1977 and 1996. Average part sizes increased for salty bites from 1.0 ounces to 1.6 ounces and for soft drinks from 12.2 ounces to 19.9 ounces. A Below shows the major alteration in nutrient parts, which has contributed to the major factors of fleshiness † ( Department of Health an d Human Services, 2010, p 1 )AAAFigure 2: Proportion of Vegetable Helpings, 1999-2000Figure 3: Proportion of Grain Servings, 1999-2000Note: Children 2-19 old ages. Beginning: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCHS, CDC. Note: Children 2-19 old ages. Beginning: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCHS, CDC. A † Other surveies indicate that kids are non eating the recommended helpings of nutrients featured in the USDA nutrient pyramid and that there have been important alterations in the types of drinks that kids are devouring. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Merely 21 per centum of immature people eat the recommended five or more helpings of fruits and veggies each twenty-four hours. As shown in figure 2, about half of all vegetable helpings are fried murphies. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Percent entire energy from fat really decreased between 1965 and 1996 for kids, from 39 to 32 per centum for entire fat, and 15 to 12 per centum for concentrated fat. † i‚ ·A A A A A A A A In 1994-1996, adolescent misss and boys merely consumed 12 and 30 per centum, severally, of the Food Guide Pyramid ‘s helping recommendations for dairy ; and 18 and 14 per centum, severally, of the helping recommendations for fruit. † i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Soda ingestion increased radically in the early to mid-1990s. Thirty-two per centum of adolescent misss and 52 % of adolescent male childs consume three or more eight ounce helpings of soda per twenty-four hours. Soft drink ingestion for stripling male childs has about tripled, from seven to 22 ounces per twenty-four hours ( 1977-1978 to 1994 ) . Children every bit immature as seven months old are devouring sodium carbonate i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Milk ingestion has declined during the same period. In 1977-78, kids age 6-11 drank four times every bit much milk as any other drink. In 1994-1996 that decreased to 1.5 times every bit much milk as sugar sweetened drinks. In 1977-1978, striplings drank 1.5 times every bit much milk as any other drink and in 1996 they consumed twice every bit much sugar sweetened drinks as milk. Milk ingestion decreased for adolescent male childs and misss 37 and 30 % severally, between 1965, and 1996. † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 ) . This research showsA thatA the lessening in existent physical activity and the addition in nutrient consumption is the major subscriber to childhood fleshiness. Physical activity tendency informations for kids are limited, but cross sectional informations indicates that one tierce of striplings are non having recommended degrees of centrist or vigorous activity, 10 % are wholly inactive, and physical activity degrees fall as stripling ‘s age ( Booth, Murphy, Phongsavan, Salmon & A ; Timperio, 2007 ) . A A A A A A A A A Americans need for watching telecasting, utilizing the computing machine, and playing video games occupy a big per centum of kids ‘s leisure clip, which are act uponing their physical activity degrees. â€Å" It is estimated that kids in the United States are passing 25 % of their waking hours watching telecasting and statistically, kids who watch the most hours of telecasting have the highest incidence of fleshiness ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) . This tendency is evident and a major hazard factor to child goon fleshiness because while the sedentary activity of watching Television and picture games normally involves the composing of repasts high in fat. Along with the dietetic alterations that affects child goon fleshiness schools are besides lending to the job by diminishing the sum of free drama or physical activity that kids receive during school hours. There are merely a 3rd of American simple schools, allow kids to hold day-to-day physical instruction, and merely a 5th of the simple schools have extracurricular actives for the kids to take part in. â€Å" Daily registration in physical instruction categories among high school pupils decreased from 42 % in 1991 to 25 % in 1995, later increasing somewhat to 28 % in 2003 † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p 1 ) . â€Å" Experts have looked progressively to the physical environment as a driver in the rapid addition of fleshiness in the United States. In urban countries, infinite for out-of-door diversion can be scarce, forestalling kids from possessing a protected topographic point to play. Neighborhood offense, unattended Canis familiariss, or deficiency of street lighting may besides suppress kids from being able to walk safely out-of-doorss ; and busy traffic can hinder commuters from walking or bicycling to work as a agency of day-to-day exercising. Though few surveies are available on the direct effects of the physical environment on physical activity, there are marks of the possible for betterment, evidenced by Toronto ‘s 23 % addition in bike usage after the add-on of motorcycle lanes, and London ‘s pathway usage addition within the scope of 34-101 % ( depending on location ) as a consequence of improved lighting there has been less research on the relationship between the physical environment and physical activity for kids than for grownups ; nevertheless the findings for kids appear to be consistent with those of the grownup population. The per centum of trips to school that kids walked declined from 20 % in 1977 to 12 % in 2001. Because kids spend a significant sum of clip going to and from school, this may be an country in which to integrate and increase physical activity into kids ‘s day-to-day wonts † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p 1 ) Surveies suggest that parental nutrient penchants straight influence and form those of their kids. In a survey by Oliveria and co-workers, they reported that parents who ate diets high in concentrated fats besides had kids who ate diets high in concentrated fats ( Birch & A ; Fisher, 1998 ) . â€Å" It is suspected that this observation is non simply due to the nutrients parents feed their kids, but instead due to the penchants kids develop through exposure to nutrients that their parents take to eat in their lives. Birch and Fisher postulate that exposure to fruits and veggies and nutrients high in energy, sugar and fat may play an of import function in set uping a hierarchy of nutrient penchants and choice in childs. Other surveies have showed that when parents eat fruits and veggies and they are readily available the penchants for kids to wantA such an point as a pick of bite are increased † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) Research workers besides indicate that the societal context in which a kid is introduced to or has experiences with nutrient is instrumental in determining nutrient penchants the feeding environment that a kid is involved in will find the feeding pattern the kid will do in his or her life-time ( Birch, 2006 ) . â€Å" For many kids, feeding is a societal event that frequently times occurs in the presence of parents, other grownups, older siblings and equals. Children typically observe the behaviours and penchants of others in their milieus. This becomes the function theoretical accounts. Children observation in unhealthy eating wonts and behaviours have brought a rise in childhood weight jobs † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) . â€Å" Several possible mechanisms have been proposed to explicate this phenomenon including the followers: i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Constraints on parent ‘s clip potentially contribute to kids ‘s weight jobs, as working parents likely rely more to a great extent than non-working parents on prepared, processed, and fast nutrients, which by and large have high Calorie, high fat, and low nutritionary content. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Children left unsupervised after school may do hapless nutritionary picks and prosecute in more sedentary activities. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Childcare suppliers may non offer as many chances for physical activity and may offer less alimentary nutrient options. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Unsupervised kids may pass a great trade of clip indoors, possibly because of safety concerns, watching Television or playing video games instead than prosecuting in more active out-of-door chases. â€Å" ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 ) . In short, the recent societal and economic alterations in American society have encouraged unhealthy wonts of extra ingestion. â€Å" These alterations have [ influenced ] the nutrients available in the places, the grade of influence parents have when kids make nutrient choices and has led to additions in sedentary behaviours among young person † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) A Finally there has been a big argument over whether or non overexposure to nutrient advertisement has increased the incidence rates of childhood fleshiness. Although there has been a positive correlativity between â€Å" the hours of telecasting viewed, organic structure mass index, and fleshiness incidence has been documented, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs are still being investigated. It has been estimated that the mean kid presently views more than 40,000 commercials on telecasting each twelvemonth, a crisp addition from 20,000 in the seventiess † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) . Furthermore, an â€Å" accrued organic structure of research reveals that more than 50 per centum of telecasting advertizements directed at kids promote nutrients and drinks such as confect, convenience nutrients, bite nutrients, sugar sweetened drinks and sweetened breakfast cereals that are high in Calories and fat and low in fibre and alimentary densenes s. The statistics on nutrient advertisement to kids indicate that: i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Annual gross revenues of nutrients and drinks to immature consumers exceeded $ 27 billion in 2002. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Food and drink advertizers jointly spend $ 10 to $ 12 billion yearly to make kids and young person: more than $ 1 billion is spent on media publicizing to kids ( chiefly on telecasting ) ; more than $ 4.5 billion is spent on youth-targeted public dealingss ; and $ 3 billion is spent on packaging designed for kids. i‚ ·A A A A A A A A Fast nutrient mercantile establishments spend $ 3 billion in telecasting ads targeted to kids † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) . Available research shows that there are a figure of root causes of fleshiness in kids. Choosing one or two chief causes or indispensable factors is following to impossible given the current information because the possible influences of fleshiness have many interlacing factors. There are big spreads in cognition and research, which is restricting the ability to nail a peculiar cause and find the most effectual ways to battle childhood obesity. â€Å" Another research spread stems from deficiency of a perspective longitudinal survey that links dietetic and other behaviour forms to development of fleshiness. Another complication of current informations is that there is a demand for more precise and dependable steps of dietetic consumption and activity degrees, as single callback of events and diet are non the most reliable beginnings for information † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p1 ) . When believing approximately early bar of fleshiness, it is indispensable that more is understood about how genetic sciences is involved and how the cistrons are triggered or respond to environmental alterations and stimulation. â€Å" Research is merely get downing to explicate how gustatory sensation penchants develop, their biochemical underpinnings and how this information may be utile in controling childhood weight addition † ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, p 1 ) . Primary bar is non an option for many kids who are already fleshy. Research on successful intercessions for kids who are fleshy or at hazard of going corpulence is highly of import to cut down efficaciously childhood fleshiness in this state ( Maternal and Child Health Library, 2008 ) . Generally, research has merely begun to rub the surface in clarifying the causes of fleshiness in kids. Filling in the cognition spread will take clip, as implementing some of the survey designs that will outdo light the complex interactions are clip devouring and dearly-won. However, the basicss are clear, to remain healthy, eat a balanced diet and give equal clip to physical activity ( Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 ) . This will assist epidemiologists and maintain down the cost of going healthy.

Business Studies †Recruitment and Selection Essay

Every business or organisation has a recruitment department, which is often undertaken by recruiters. It can be undertaken by an employment agency or even a member of staff at the business organisation. Human resources run the recruitment process. Recruitment (run by the human resource department) is the process of finding the right possible candidates for the job. When the organisation knows what candidates they re looking for Advertisement is commonly used for recruiting the right employees. Recruitment process: A business or organisation must have a work plan in order to make sure that they find the right number of employees for their needs. When a business is looking to recruit new employees they need to be able to mention and define the main jobs and responsibilities that will be expected. During the recruitment process there are many stages that need to be followed In order to select the right candidate for the job. The recruitment flow chart: Job analysis: Job analysis is the first part of the recruitment process. This is when the human resources department needs to identify whether a new member of staff is needed or could the work be done by reorganizing existing staff or working over time. Or even consider whether part-time or full time appointment needed. Job analysis is essential for the recruitment process and this defines whether they need workers and is so will the business recruit internal or external employees. The human resources department will need to decide whether to recruit employees internally or externally. Recruiting internal candidates will benefit the business as this will increase their workers morale and their motivation will increase because there is a higher chance of them getting promoted than the external employees. Another advantage of recruiting an internal employee is there’s a lower cost of not having to go through training, as they already know the business. However the disadvantage is having to replace their internal workers. External candidates will also help gain advantage for the organisation as they will let the business find out more about the competition, gaining more ideas. The disadvantage of recruiting an external employee is the cost of training them to learn more about the business. Job description: A job analysis can be used to create a job description. The job description will describe how a particular employee is to fit into the organisation. A job description could be used as a job indictor for applicants. Alternatively it could also be used as a guideline for an employee to his or her role and responsibilities within in the organisation. Job descriptions can be used by organisations to provide information for use in drafting a situation vacant advertisement and for briefing interviews. he function for a job description can be very simple. It’s when the businesses human resources department will need to draw up a list of tasks that the job will involve and the responsibilities of the person appointed. This is good for a business to draw a list up of their specific job description as this gives not only employers but also employees an idea of what they’re looking for. So therefore the business will most likely attract workers that they appointed for. Person specification: Armed with this sort of specification, those responsible for recruiting and selecting someone to do a particular job have a much clearer idea of the ideal candidate. However at the same time those applying for the job have a much clearer idea of what is expected of them and whether they have the skills and attributes. The human resources department may set out for its own use a person specification. The meaning of person specification is identifying the personal qualities for example qualities such: * Experience: Someone with experience in carrying out a particular job who has a particular responsibilities should be able to draw on that experience n new situations. * Qualifications: Is another important part of a person specification. As they will have more knowledge then say someone who have no qualifications. Another advantage for a employee in having qualifications as this will lower the list of people wanting a job, for example if an employer has a long list of employees he/she will recruit either ones with experience or ones who have qualifications. The advantages for the person specification process in recruiting in staff, is the employers will benefit from recruiting experienced staff as they are able to do a range of tasks. This makes them more flexible workers, which in turn increases the output of the business. Customers often like to deal with experienced employees. Qualifications are also good measures of prior learning. The idea of qualification is that it prepares he employee to do a particular job or activity. Inn creating person specification, organisations will therefore need to consider the level of qualification required by a job holder. Job advert Job advertisements form an important part of the recruitment process. An organisation is able to communicate job vacancies to a selected audience by this means. Most job advertisements are written (or at least checked) By the personal department, a task involving the same skills as marketing a product. Advertisements must reach those people who have the qualities to fill the vacancy. Job advertisements take many forms, according to the requirements of the post. A good job advertisement, while providing prospect candidates with helpful information also helps to deter people who do not have the required qualifications for the job. Presentations of the advertisement is very important as it gives prospective employees a first impression of the organisation Application form: Having an application form is essential. If business’s or organisations provide an application form, it means that they’re looking for someone precise. This is good for the business, because the candidates have to right specific stuff that are required, which means the business can find the right employee. Where as some businesses ask for employees CV. In my opinion this is a disadvantage to the organisation, as the candidate can write what ever they feel, most likely something that will advantage them to getting the job. So therefore the organisation wont be able to find the right candidate to do the job. Interview: Interviews are very important in the recruitment process as this gives the employer an idea of what the employee is like and if he or her is suited for the job. Some business such as Marks and Spencer’s use a certain technique when interviewing new candidates. They would rather ask the interviewee open questions as this allows them to answer the question with longer sentences rather than yes or no answers. This gives the employer a bigger judgement ad a better feel on the employee’s personality. Business also try to focus on questions that involve; what? Why? When? And how? Generally speaking overall the interviewers should try to make the interviewee feel relaxed and comfortable so that the interviewee can show his or best side. An opening remark might be to ask the interviewee about his or her journey. Selection process: Recruitment and selection can be very costly process for a business. It takes a great deal of time to set up the process which includes drawing up a job description, advertising the position, sifting through applications, checking which application best meet criteria set down for the post, interviewing candidates and finally selecting the best candidate for the post. There is a considerable scope along the way for waste and inefficiency. For example, when a job advertisement attracts 100 applicants there will be a considerable waste of time and resources when reducing the list down to six. If you get your procedures wrong you may eliminate some of the best candidates right from the start and end up with six who are barely satisfactory. If you end up choosing an unsuitable candidate for the job, the company will suffer from having trouble within he organisation before walking out on the job and leaving the company o go through the expense of replacing him or her yet. Induction: Induction is the process of introducing new employees o their place of work, job, new surroundings and the people thy will be working with. Induction also provides information to help new employees start work and generally ‘fit in.’ Once the successful applicant has been selected and offered the post, the human resources department needs to prepare a suitable induction programme for when the new induction programme which should include; * An awareness of the workings and objectives of a business. * An awareness of health and safety issues. * Requirements when absent, ill or late. * Introduction to management and workmates. * Identification of any immediate training needs. I Training needs: As part of the induction process, new employees may be introduced to new processors or software that they are unfamiliar with. The employer should explain each of these processes to new employees, question them about their experience with the processes or software and listen carefully to their answers to discover their level of experience. For example an employee may be familiar with the Microsoft office software but may not have had the experience with spreadsheets. If this is the requirement of the role, then careful questioning will determine the skill level of the employee and the training required to enable them to do their job. Training may be carried out formally through a course r more informally by a colleague or with training in a timely needs and implementing training timely manner is important to ensure the new employees are equipped with the skills to properly carry out their duties. Application form: Having an application form is essential. If business’s or organisations provide an application form, it means that they’re looking for someone precise. This is good for the business, because the candidates have to right specific stuff that are required, which means the business can find the right employee. Where as some businesses ask for employees CV. In my opinion this is a disadvantage to the organisation, as the candidate can write what ever they feel, most likely something that will advantage them to getting the job. So therefore the organisation wont be able to find the right candidate to do the job. Both Application and CV form provide same information: Motivation theories: Financial: Wages, salaries and bonuses: Wages- time rate: Under this scheme workers receive a set rate per hour. Any hours worked above a set number are paid at an ‘overtime rate’ Salary: flat rate: This is a set rate of weekly or monthly pay, based on a set number of hours. It is easy to calculate and administer but does not provide an incentive to employees o work harder. Piece rate: This system is sometimes used in the textile and electronics industries, among others. Payment is made for each item produced that meets quality standards. The advantage of this is that it encourages effort motivates workers. However it is not suitable for jobs that require time and care. Also many jobs particularly in the service sector produce outputs are impossible to measure. Bonus: A bonus is paid as an added encouragement and motivation towards employees. It can be paid out f additional profits earned by the employer as a result of the employee’s effort and hard work or as an incentive to workers at times when they might be inclined to slacken effort for example at Christmas and summer holiday times. Commission: Commission is a payment made as a percentage of sales a salesperson has made. Output related schemes: Output related schemes are the most common methods used to reward manual workers most schemes involve an element of time rates plus bonus or other incentive. Standards are set in many ways, varying from casual assessment to a detailed work study, based on method study and work measurement. A standard allowable time is set in according to the stages. The workers pay is then determined according to the success of the third stage. Performance related pay: In recent year, the emphasis in a number of organisations has shifted towards performance related pay. Performance is assessed against working objectives and ‘company goals’ scoring systems are then worked out to assess performance against objectives and these distinguish levels of attainment, e.g. high, medium or low. Managerial jobs are most affected by performance related pay. Based on performance appraisal techniques, such as schemes have been adopted in a wide range of occupations, including the police force, universities, insurance and banking. Evidence indicates that up to three quarters of all employees are now using some form of performance appraisal to set pay levels. One way of rewarding performance is to give increments as targets are met, with the employee progressing up an incremental ladder each year. Profit sharing: Profit sharing is an incentive tool which involves giving profit related pay to employees or giving them bonuses based on the profit performance of a business. Using this approach employees are able to see the that the success of the company will also lead to personal rewards for them. Another example similar to profit sharing is a theory called the attribution theory which is often compared to profit sharing and the non financial appraisal. Attribution theory: All business have a need to explain the world, both to themselves and to other people, attributing cause to the events around them. This gives us a greater sense of control. When explaining behaviour, it can affect the standing of people within a group (especially ourselves). When another person has erred, the business will often use internal attribution, saying it is due to internal personality factors. When they have erred, they will more likely use external attribution, attributing causes to situational factors rather than blaming ourselves. And vice versa. They will attribute our successes internally and the successes of our rivals to external ‘luck’. When a football team wins, supporters say ‘we won’. But when the team loses, the supporters say ‘they lost’. Business attributions are also significantly driven by our emotional and motivational drives. Blaming other people and avoiding personal recrimination are very real self-serving attributions. They will also make attributions to defend what they perceive as attacks. businesses will point to injustice in an unfair world. They will even tend to blame victims (of us and of others) for their fate as we seek to distance ourselves from thoughts of suffering the same plight. They will also tend to ascribe less variability to other people than ourselves, seeing themselves as more multifaceted and less predictable than others. This may well because they can see more of what is inside themselves (and spend more time doing this). In practice, we often tend to go through a two-step process, starting with an automatic internal attribution, followed by a slower consideration of whether an external attribution is more appropriate. As with Automatic Believing, if we are hurrying or are distracted, we may not get to this second step. This makes internal attribution more likely than external attribution. Share options: Employees may be encouraged to take up shares in a company, often as part of a reward scheme. When employees take up these share options they are then rewarded according to the performance of the business. When the business does well so too does the value of their shares and the dividends they receive as a return to shareholders. Dividends are typically paid twice a year. Non-Financial: Goal setting: Establishing goals for employees to work towards can be an important motivational factor as the achievement of these goals then creates a sense of achievement and personal fulfilment. Goals can be established for an individual, team or for the whole organisation and achievement may be related to promotion at work. In order to direct ourselves we set ourselves goals that are: * Clear (not vague) and understandable, so we know what to do and what not to do. * Challenging, so we will be stimulated and not be bored. * Achievable, so we are unlikely to fail. If other people set us goals without our involvement, then we are much less likely to be motivated to work hard at it than if we feel we have set or directed the goal ourselves. When we are working in the task, we need feedback so we can determine whether we are succeeding or whether we need to change direction. We find feedback (if it is sympathetically done) very encouraging and motivating. This includes feedback from ourselves. Negative self-talk is just as demotivating as negative comments from other people. Depending on the type of goal we have, we will go about achieving it differently. A directional goal is one where we are motivated to arrive at a particular conclusion. We will thus narrow our thinking, selecting beliefs, etc. that support the conclusion. The lack of deliberation also tends to make us more optimistic about achieving the goal. An accuracy goal is one where we are motivated to arrive at the most accurate possible conclusion. These occur when the cost of being inaccurate is high. Unsurprisingly, people invest more effort in achieving accuracy goals, as any deviation costs, and a large deviation may well more. Their deliberation also makes them realize that there is a real chance that they will not achieve their goal. When we have an accuracy goal we do not get to a ‘good enough’ point and stop thinking about it–we continue to search for improvements. Both methods work by influencing our choice of beliefs and decision-making rules. Goal setting can be compared, in a financial sense with performance related pay as employees are rewarded in accordance with goals set by the company. Perks and status symbols: Perks and status symbols are useful motivational tools in a company. A perk is something extra that you get for doing a particular job. For example employees of a railway company may get free rail travel for them and their families. A cinema employee may get free cinema tickets. Status symbols are also important motivators. Obvious status symbols n is having a bigger office, or having a sign outside your door with your name on. People often respond very favourably to status symbols because these mark them out as being special therefore employees will be motivated to work harder in order for them to be the special person. Appraisals: Common stages of staff appraisals are as follows: 1. The line manager meets with the job-holder to discuss what is expected. The agreed expectations may be expressed in terms of targets, performance standards or required job behaviours- attributes, skills and attitudes. 2. The outcome of the meeting is recorded and usually signed by both parties. 3. The job-holder performs the job for a period of six months a year 4. At the end of the six months period the jobholder and line manager or team leader meet again to review and discuss progress made. They draw up action new action plans to deal with identified problems and agree targets and standards for the next period. Meeting training needs: Mentoring needs: Mentoring and coaching are seen by many organisations as essential ways of motivating employees so that they feel valued and cared for in their work. Mentoring involves a trainee being ‘paired’ with a more experienced employee. The trainee carries out the job but uses the ‘mentor’ to discuss problems that may occur and ho best to solve them. This approach is used in many lines of work. For example it is common practice for trainee teachers to work with a mentor who s responsible for their early training and development. The student teacher will match the mentor teacher before starting his or her own teaching. The mentor will then give ongoing guidance to the student teacher on how best to improve his or her performance. If the student teacher has any problems or difficulties he or she can talk to the mentor for advice. Coaching: Coaching involves providing individuals with personal coaches in the workplace. The person who is going to take on the coaching role will need to develop coaching skills and ill also need to have the time slots for the coaching to take place. The coach and the individual being. Acquired needs theory: Need are shaped over time by our experiences over time. Most of these fall into three general categories of needs: * Achievement (nAch) * Affiliation (nAff) * Power (nPow) Some businesses may have different preferences and will tend have one of these needs that affect the business more powerfully than others and thus affects our behaviors: * Achievers seek to excel and appreciate frequent recognition of how well they are doing. They will avoid low risk activities that have no chance of gain. They also will avoid high risks where there is a significant chance of failure. * Affiliation seekers look for harmonious relationships with other people. They will thus tend to conform and shy away from standing out. The seek approval rather than recognition. * Power seekers want power either to control other people (for their own goals) or to achieve higher goals (for the greater good). They seek neither recognition nor approval from others — only agreement and compliance. Identifying preferences A common way of discovering our tendencies towards these is with a Thematic Apperception Test, which is a set of black-and-white pictures on cards, each showing an emotionally powerful situation. The person is presented with one card at a time and asked to make up a story about each situation. Using it Challenge achievers with stretching goals. Offer affiliation-seekers safety and approval. Beware of personal power-seekers trying to turn the tables on you or use other Machiavellian methods. Make sure you have sufficient power of your own, or show how you can help them achieve more power. Defending Understand your own tendencies. Curb the excesses and, especially if you seek affiliation, beware of those who would use this against you and for their own benefit alone. * Atrribution theory†¦profit sharing (financial) and appraisal ( non financial) We all have a need to explain the world, both to ourselves and to other people, attributing cause to the events around us. This gives us a greater sense of control. When explaining behavior, it can affect the standing of people within a group (especially ourselves). When another person has erred, we will often use internal attribution, saying it is due to internal personality factors. When we have erred, we will more likely use external attribution, attributing causes to situational factors rather than blaming ourselves. And vice versa. We will attribute our successes internally and the successes of our rivals to external ‘luck’. When a football team wins, supporters say ‘we won’. But when the team loses, the supporters say ‘they lost’. Our attributions are also significantly driven by our emotional and motivational drives. Blaming other people and avoiding personal recrimination are very real self-serving attributions. We will also make attributions to defend what we perceive as attacks. We will point to injustice in an unfair world. We will even tend to blame victims (of us and of others) for their fate as we seek to distance ourselves from thoughts of suffering the same plight. We will also tend to ascribe less variability to other people than ourselves, seeing ourselves as more multifaceted and less predictable than others. This may well because we can see more of what is inside ourselves (and spend more time doing this). In practice, we often tend to go through a two-step process, starting with an automatic internal attribution, followed by a slower consideration of whether an external attribution is more appropriate. As with Automatic Believing, if we are hurrying or are distracted, we may not get to this second step. This makes internal attribution more likely than external attribution. Sex discrimination act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 applies to men, women and gender reassignees and states that it is unlawful for an employer to discriminate or fail to prevent discrimination against a worker because of his or her gender, marital or gender reassignment status The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 states that there are two types of sex discrimination: Direct discrimination This occurs where a worker has been treated less favourably than another in similar relevant circumstances on the grounds of his or her gender, and the treatment has resulted in dismissal, denial of opportunities within or for employment or training, or any other detriment. Indirect discrimination This occurs where a provision, criterion or practice is applied equally to both male and female workers and three conditions are jointly fulfilled: * The proportion of one gender who can comply is, in practice, considerably smaller than the other; * A worker suffers a detriment as a result; * The employer cannot show the condition or requirement to be objectively justifiable. For example, indirect sexual discrimination could occur if an employer applied a redundancy policy by selecting only part-time workers. This is because such action would discriminate disproportionately against women, as over 80% of part-time workers in the United Kingdom are women. Race relation act 1976 The race relation’s act 1976 makes discrimination on racial grounds unlawful in employment, training education and the provision of goods, facilities and services. The act defines two main types of discrimination: direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination Direct discrimination occurs when someone Is treated less favourably on racial grounds. Racial grounds do not only include grounds of race but also those of colour, nationality, citizenship and ethnic or national origin. For example a dress manufacturing company advertises in the local newspaper for a Turkish machinist, Indirect discrimination: Indirect discrimination occurs when rules, requirements, or conditions that appear to be fair – because they apply equally to everyone- can be shown to put people from a particular racial group a much greater disadvantage than others and the rules cannot be objectively justified. A racial groups may be defined by race, colour, nationality and ethnic or national origin. For example an advertisement asks for ability to speak Bengali. This requirement discriminates indirectly against people who do not speak Bengali and will be unlawful unless it can be justified by the nature of the job For example it would be unjustified to ask for Bengali speaker if the job involves working with people who can communicate well only in Bengali. Another example of an indirect discrimination is an advertisement invites applicants who speak English as their mother tongue. This requirement too, discriminates indirectly against people who speak English fluently, but not as their mother tongue. This kind of requirement will rarely be justified. If an especially high standard of English is needed for a particular job it would be better to ask for just that ‘a very high standard of written and spoken English’ or alternatively, ‘fluent English’ Example: the race relations act does not cover discrimination indirectly on religious grounds, but advertisements inviting Muslim or Christian applicants may discriminate indirectly against some racial groups, and the requirements must be justified by the nature of the job. A religious requirement may be justified for jobs connected with a church, temple, mosque etc and possibly religious organisations.

How to Use a Bug Bomb Safely

How to Use a Bug Bomb Safely Bug bombs, or total release foggers, fill a confined space with pesticides using an aerosol propellant. People tend to think of these products as quick and easy fixes for home insect infestations. In truth, few pests can be wiped out using bug bombs. The devices arent particularly useful for controlling infestations of  cockroaches, ants, or  bed bugs, and for this reason, its important  to know when its appropriate to use them. Used incorrectly, bug bombs can be downright dangerous.  Each year, people ignite fires and explosions by misusing insect foggers. Bug bomb products can also cause respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments, which in the young or elderly can be fatal. If you are planning to use a bug bomb in your home, make sure to do so safely and correctly. Why Bug Bombs Alone Are Not Effective Bug bombs- sometimes called roach bombs- can be a useful part of an integrated pest management program. Alone, however, they are not especially effective. The reason is simple: The pesticide in a bug bomb (which is not always particularly effective against roaches, fleas, bedbugs, or silverfish) kills only those bugs with which it comes in direct contact. Most household pests are well known for their ability to hide under baseboards, inside cupboards and mattresses, in drains, and along baseboards. Set off a fogger  and youll kill off only those bugs that happen to be out in the open at any given moment. Any pests that are inside or under a protective covering will survive to bite another day. Meanwhile, your counters and other surfaces will have been coated with pesticide, meaning youll have to scrub them down before cooking or sleeping on them. If you are serious about eradicating an infestation, youll need to do much more than simply set off a bug bomb. Because it does take work and know-how to safely and effectively rid yourself of pests, you may want to hire a pest control company. Experts may use bug bombs as part of their arsenal, but they will also: Set bait trapsSpray directly into areas that are protected and likely to harbor pestsUse chemicals that are specifically intended to eradicate particular pests; pyrethrin, the main pesticide in foggers, is most effective against flying insects- but not cockroaches or fleas.Return to reapply pesticides as needed How to Use Bug Bombs Safely Bug bombs are somewhat risky as they contain flammable materials including potentially harmful pesticides. To use them safely, follow all of these instructions. Read and Follow All Directions and Precautions When it comes to pesticides, the label is the law. Just as the pesticide manufacturers are required to include certain information on their product labels, you are required to read it and follow all directions correctly. Understand the risks of the pesticides you are using by reading carefully all label sections beginning with danger, poison, warning, or caution. Follow instructions for use, and calculate how much pesticide you need based on the package directions. Most foggers are intended to treat a specific number of square feet; using a large bug bomb in a small space can increase health risks. In addition, most foggers have information about how long to wait before returning to the sprayed area (typically two to four hours). Use Only the Number of Bug Bombs Specified Contrary to popular belief, more is not always better. Manufacturers test their bug bomb products to determine the safest and most effective number to use per square foot of living space. If you use more than the specified number of bug bombs, you only increase the health and safety risks that come with using them. You wont kill any more bugs. Cover All Food and Childrens Toys Prior to Using the Bug Bomb Once the bug bomb is activated, the contents of your home will be covered with a chemical residue. Do not eat any food items that were not covered. Young children tend to put toys in their mouths, so its best to seal toys inside garbage bags or put them in toy boxes or drawers where they wont be exposed to pesticides. You may also want to cover sofas, chairs, and other upholstered furniture that cant be wiped down. Tell Your Neighbors About Your Bug Bomb Plans Condos and apartment buildings usually share common ventilation systems or have cracks and crevices between units. If you live in close quarters, make sure to let your neighbors know when you are using any airborne pesticide product, and ask them to turn off any ignition sources (stove and dryer pilots, for example) in their units. Your neighbors may prefer to cover their adjacent ductwork, too. Unplug Anything That Can Spark The aerosol propellants used in bug bomb products are highly flammable. A gas flame or ill-timed spark from an appliance can easily ignite the propellant. Always turn off all pilot lights, and take the extra precaution of unplugging refrigerators and air conditioners. To be extra safe, place the bug bombs a minimum of six feet from any potential source of a spark. Once You Activate the Bug Bomb, Vacate the Premises Immediately Silly (and obvious) as this may sound, a good number of reported incidents have occurred because individuals were unable to vacate prior to discharge of a bug bomb. In fact, a CDC study on bug bomb safety showed a full 35 percent  of reported health issues occurred because users failed to leave the area after activating the fogger. Before you activate the product, plan your escape. Keep All People and Pets out of the Area for as Long as the Label Indicates For most bug bomb products, you need to vacate the premises for several hours after activating the product. Do not, under any circumstances, return to the property early. You risk serious health issues, including respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments, if you occupy the home prematurely. Dont reenter your home until it is safe to do so according to the product label. Ventilate the Area Well Before Reentering Again, follow the label directions. After the prescribed amount of time to allow the product to work has passed, open as many windows as you can. Leave them open for a minimum of one hour before you allow anyone to reenter the home. Once You Return, Keep Pesticides out of Pets and Peoples Mouths After returning to your home, wipe down any surfaces where food is prepared, or that pets or people may touch with their mouths. Clean all counters and other surfaces where you prepare food thoroughly. If you left pet dishes out and uncovered, wash them. If  you have infants or toddlers who spend lots of time on the floor, be sure to mop. If you left your toothbrushes out, replace them with new ones. Store Unused Bug Bomb Products Safely Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of airborne chemicals, and you shouldnt risk an accidental discharge of pesticides by a curious child. Like all hazardous chemicals, bug bombs should be stored in a childproof cabinet or other secure location. If You Are Exposed to a Bug Bomb While most people understand that they should leave the house after setting off a bug bomb, there are quite a few reasons why someone might be exposed to pesticide-containing fog. According to the CDC, the most common reasons are related to: Bug bombs being set off without warning in apartment buildings with shared ventilation systemsSomeone reentering a building because a bug bomb set off an alarmHomeowners returning too soon after setting off a bug bombInfants and pets being exposed to residual pesticides on blankets, carpets, or other surfaces If youre exposed to pesticide from a bug bomb, you may experience nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness, leg cramps, burning eyes, coughing, or wheezing. These symptoms may be mild or severe; they are, of course, most dangerous among very young children and people who are allergic to the pesticide. If you do experience symptoms, visit the emergency room to avoid complications.

Andrew And The Mind

Andrew And The Mind Andrew and the Mind "Bicentennial Man" was written by Isaac Asimov to celebrate America's bicentennial in 1976. Originally planned as the first in a three part series, the story ended up as a standalone piece. We are all better off, as it stands "Bicentennial Man" is perhaps the greatest science fiction piece written. However, the question before us is not whether or not this is a great story, that much is obvious, the question is "does Andrew have a mind?" I would argue that Andrew certainly has a mind. He could certainly pass the Turing test as well as overcome the Chinese room problem. He fulfills Searle's criteria that only certain types of machines can think, mainly ones with internal causal powers. Andrew also displays several characteristics that are only ascribed to human minds. With all this evidence, it is evident that Andrew did, in fact, have a mind.Andrew most definitely has a mind.Andrew Jacobs / 20070811.10D.44748 / SML SkydiveFirstly, Andrew could pass the Turing test . The Turing test, devised by A. M. Turing, is the definitive test for determining whether or not a machine has mind. The test, called by Turing the "Imitation Game," consists of 3 players. One player is an interrogator and the other two, being of opposite sex, are placed in a separate room. The object of the game is for the interrogator to determine which player is the female and which is the male. Extrapolating the game out to include a human and a computer, the object then becomes which player is human and which is a computer. The key for the computer is to be able to imitate human behavior. Now, if Andrew was placed in the room, could he successfully imitate human behavior? Yes, he could, and did. While Asimov's characters are not real people, they...

The Cutest Baby Shower Wishes That Make Moms Go Crazy

The Cutest Baby Shower Wishes That Make Moms Go Crazy People are often unsure as to how they should wish the parents of the new baby on the occasion of a baby shower. Greetings like Congratulations dont seem impressive enough, while statements like, So you are going to have a baby! seem downright foolish! Baby showers are great occasions to make use of thought-provoking and memorable quotes. Greet the parents-to-be with well-meaning baby shower quotes. Memorable Quotes   Anne Morrow LindberghIn the sheltered simplicity of the first days after a baby is born, one sees again the magical closed circle, the miraculous sense of two people existing only for each other.Ed HoweFamilies with babies and families without babies are sorry for each other.George MacDonald, At the Back of the North WindWhere did you come from, baby dear?Out of the everywhere and into here.Mark TwainA babys an inestimable blessing and bother.Barbara Christine SeifertA baby is a blank cheque made payable to the human race.Charles OsgoodBabies are always more trouble than you thought - and more wonderful.Andy WarholSince people are going to be living longer and getting older, theyll just have to learn how to be babies longer.Henny YoungmanWhat is a home without children? Quiet.Edwin H. ChapinNo language can express the power and beauty and heroism of a mothers love.Theresa BloomingdaleIf your baby is beautiful and perfect, never cries or fusses, sleeps on schedule and burps on demand, an angel all the time, youre the grandma. Brienne KearneyBabies make your heart bigger!Matthew BroderickHaving a baby changes the way you view your in-laws. I love it when they come to visit now. They can hold the baby and I can go out.Don HeroldBabies are such a nice way to start people.Eda J. Le ShanBabies are necessary to grown-ups. A new baby is like the beginning of all things- wonder, hope, a dream of possibilities. In a world that is cutting down its trees to build highways, losing its earth to concrete... babies are almost the only remaining link with nature, with the natural world of living things from which we spring.Trevor FishlockBabies here seem to be almost as rare as panda cubs.Jarod KintzI love how babies look like old people. I saw a baby the other day that looked exactly like my grandpa, only taller.Cass ElliotHaving the baby changed my life a lot. I dont want to go on the road.Bill CosbyHaving a child is surely the most beautifully irrational act that two people in love can commit.Sigmund FreudNo one who h as seen a baby sinking back satiated from the breast and falling asleep with flushed cheeks and a blissful smile can escape the reflection that this picture persists as a prototype of the expression of sexual satisfaction in later life. Anne LamottFeeding a baby is like filling a hole with putty- you get it in and then you sort of shave off all the excess around the hole and get it back in, like youre spackling.Frank A. ClarkA baby is born with a need to be loved and never outgrows it.Ronald KnoxA baby is a loud noise at one end and no sense of responsibility at the other.Robert PaulDid you ever notice that a new baby always seem to bear a striking resemblance to the relative who has the most money?Jill WoodhullDont ever tell the mother of a newborn that her babys smile is just gas.Mark TwainA soiled baby with a neglected nose cannot be conscientiously regarded as a thing of beauty.

Strategic Plans of Pfizer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Plans of Pfizer - Case Study Example Pfizer Inc. is one of the largest Pharmaceutical companies in the world with a huge range of products which are determinant in its success in controlling a major stake of the pharmaceutical industry. It has state-of-the-art research facilities across the world and does spend considerably in this field in pharmaceuticals. These facilities are constantly discovering and developing new quality products for the industry and are spread across over 150 countries and are striving to discover new market needs specific to each area or globally. Pfizer has four major divisions of businesses and they are the pharmaceutical sector, consumer healthcare, global R&D and the animal health sector and have within a short span been successful in creating a benchmark in these different groups and industries. In the pharmaceuticals industry, Pfizer's medicines are extensively used to treat cardiovascular or lipid lowering, infectious diseases, central nervous system disorders, arthritis, erectile dysfunction, allergies, diabetes, and women's health. In consumer healthcare sector, the company has leveraged its R&D advantage and has successfully created a niche for itself in over-the-counter medicines in the market. It realized the trend in the over-the-counter preferences of the consumers and developed the same and aggressively marketed the various products under different brands and is used for treating illnesses ranging from upper respiratory tract sicknesses to eye care. Apart from these over-the-counter products, Pfizer also is a l eader in providing high quality generic medicines for the consumers. Pfizer's global R& D is the largest in the pharmaceutical industry and is located in New London, CT. it has been successful in breakthrough R&D in the areas of depression, erectile dysfunction, high cholesterol, HIV infection, hypertension and systemic fungal infections along with the most intractable diseases like cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and stroke. The company has also entered the animal healthcare and has four dedicated plants for making animal products. It is the leader in this market with vaccines, anti-parasites, anti-inflammatories, anti-infectives, medicines and new therapies for a range of problems and diseases in animals. The Competitive Intelligence Report would cover the four major market segments for research and analysis of the competition to Bayer AG which is also among the largest Pharmaceutical companies along with Pfizer Inc. A strategic plan will be charted out based on the findings in the report for these four major sectors particularly, the pharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare (www.pfizer.com, 2008). Data Collection - As on September 30, 2008, a total of 114 products were in the pipeline by Pfizer varying across 10 therapeutic areas which are Allergy and Respiration, Cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine Diseases (CVMED), Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Genitourinary/Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation, Neuroscience, Oncology, Ophthalmology and Pain . These are the result of new medicinal development efforts around the world and the products are in four various phases of

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Essay

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Styles - Essay Example His works are different than any of the previous composers of his time via the formation of extended, architectonic, large forms differentiated by the exclusive development of motifs, themes, and musical materials, particularly by way of â€Å"modulation†, that is, an alteration in the sensation of home key, via a diversification of harmonic or keys regions. A great musician, an expert of almost anything, Beethoven composed thirty two sonatas in only just the years between 1792 and 1822. This time period was a time when Classical period was moving towards Romantic period. Beethoven’s music paralleled the concurrent development of the new idea in the literature, a form of literary emphasized on the expansion of one or more individuals through complicated circumstances of life, and of the contemporary nature of the idealism of Germans’ philosophy, spirit, mind that unfolds via an intricate procedure of challenges between the objective and subjective up till a synth esis or resolution happens in the scenario when all of these challenges and expansion phases have been included in a advanced harmony. (Mann, 2011) He was sent by his instructor to Vienna where he took lessons from Mozart. Mozart was an inspirer of Beethoven’s talent and abilities. ... There are three periods of his life: the first Vienna period (1792-1802), the middle period from 1802 to 1814, and the last period which was after 1815 until his death in 1827. Each period depicts a diverse musical style which was profoundly affected by his hearing disabilities, a study proclaims. Even though later works of Haydn reflected a superior variability between remote keys. The innovation of Beethoven was his capability to refurbish a solidity in contrasting varying keys and unanticipated noted to unite them. This explicit extension of realm of harmonic music makes a sense of experiential and vast musical space via the moves of music, and the expansion of materials of music makes a sense of restating drama in this room. (Mann, 2011) According to a research in British Medical Journal, there is dissimilarity between the music from the early life of Beethoven to the period when his hearing loss began in 1801 to the time period when he became completely deaf in 1825. The study w as made by a team of researchers at Amsterdam University in Netherlands on use of high notes in Beethoven’s composing career. The piano sonatas, which were composed by Beethoven in the period of transition from the Classic time period to Romantic (heroic) time period to Creative era, comprises of the elements of music that Beethoven took from his predecessors and shaped it in a genuinely novel form. Still, those sonatas evidently depicted the transition in his style of music and life, and this music of Beethoven became the antecedent to many of the great composers after his time and to current age. Beethoven is well known for most of his famous works which include the Emperor Concerto, Fifth symphony, the Eroica, his only one opera Fidelio, and Pastoral

President Obama and Agenda for Possible Second Term Essay

President Obama and Agenda for Possible Second Term - Essay Example Over the years, through the development of broadcast technology, candidates are given an opportunity by the media to sell their policies through a public debate. This platform helps them to improve on their campaigns, and it assists the voters to evaluate also the candidates. The communication advisor is necessary during the campaign period because he advises the candidate and party on what strategies to use to ensure victory in the elections. As a communication advisor in the Barrack Obama campaign team in the current elections, I would suggest prioritization of some issues during the final weeks of the campaign. This essay will highlight the current trending issues in the country’s politics, and advice on some arguments and the positions that the team should emphasize on. During the final campaign weeks, some issues should not be emphasized on as shall be pointed out in the essay; moreover, the last weeks of campaigning are prominent in gathering the votes of the undecided v oters, and developing trust from the voters on the direction, which the country should take. Political structures are social structures in the society; therefore, the campaign teams need to consider the social dynamics in the society for their success. The key factor is that campaigns involve communication of messages to the public with an objective of getting their support during the elections. Therefore, it is necessary to design the message to appeal to the voters (White, 2010). In addition, the social judgment theory applies to every person because people hear a message then they compare it with another, and they make a judgment on where to place it in the different mental categories. Further, people develop some mental yardsticks (Latitudes) of acceptance, rejection and non-commitment to a message. Therefore, in the case of Obama’s campaign, one needs to know what and how to communicate messages to the public in order to persuade them towards the desired direction or vot ing. In Obama’s campaign, the use of persuasive social skills to influence voters is easier than in Romney’s team because Obama has excellent, persuasive skills through his speech. Persuasion and influence of people is necessary in all the social theories, and is essential to getting people to accept the party’s political ideologies and policies. In the current political campaign, the candidates are contesting in their campaigns on several issues. Some of them include foreign policies, energy, education, healthcare and the economy. In this presidential campaign, I would suggest that the issues to do with foreign policy and energy should not be focused on by the Obama Campaign team during the last weeks towards elections. This is because the policies and suggestions on these issues are not different to the ones used in the previous four years of the Obama Administration. Therefore, based on the consistency theory, people do not expect them to change so the campai gn should focus on other, different issues (Clarke, 2008). In the economic, education and healthcare issues, there are many differences in policies between the candidates and hence, the campaign should emphasize on them in order to develop proper social judgment from the voters.

Industrial Growth and Competiton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industrial Growth and Competiton - Essay Example According to Perloff (2012) Pigouvian tax can be described as a corrective measure undertaken by state or a body with authority usually inform of imposing tax to restore or limit any inefficient market activities. Taxation is applied on a firm that produces negative externality to other firm or the well-being of the entire community. The aim is to equalise the amount of tax imposed to the negative externality. Let us examine a case of a paint manufacturing firm that pollutes a nearby river using various cost concepts. With the absence of any regulation control measures, the firm can maximise its production activity without thinking of the impact imposed on another firm for example, a boat renting firm to families and individual for recreational purposes. In a typical market analysis, the paint manufacturing firm’s output and price relation can be presented in figure 1 below. In the figure 1 below, there are three main cost concepts: marginal social cost (MSC), marginal private cost (MPC), and Marginal Damage cost. Perloff (2012) defines these costs as follows. The private marginal cost refers to all the direct cost incurred by the firm or producer in creating goods or services. He also defines marginal damage as the additional cost to a firm producing additional unit of a product that impose negative externality on others. Further, he defines social damage cost as the summation of private marginal cost and marginal damage to a producer. This can be illustrated graphically in figure 1 below. Initially, the firm’s output level was at Q0due to absence of any regulation. The firm’s primary focus on this particular market scenario, where there is no any form of regulation on production, focuses on how to maximise production output at any given time. However, the need to reduce pollution leads to introduction of a pigouvian tax to make the firm comply with existing production regulation and be mindful of other

Personal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Ethics - Essay Example If I live by rules that are stemmed from the ill effects of society, then I will end up being depressed and discouraged. Free will basically trusts one’s instincts. It is being able to live well, to do things my own way and to live slowly but surely. My thought patterns are shaped by the way I see things. If I see things in a different light, if I see the two sides of a coin and if I choose to see what I want to see in my own perspective, then this is what I call free will. Ethics is governed by the rightness and wrongness of actions. What is then the definition of right and wrong? Can these be equated with obligation and duty? Take the context of the family. I know for a fact that the family is the basic unit of the society. Is the husband obliged to take care of his wife or vice versa? Are parents obligated to take care of their children? When the elderly in the family starts to suffer from dementia, are the concerned family members obliged to take good care of him or her? These are the questions that will help us define the morals and principles that have shaped the society. I treat Kantian ethics as a foundation of the difference between right or wrong, between good and bad. Immanuel Kant argues that to act in the morally right way, people must act according to duty. But then is duty synonymous to responsibility? How does duty become a sense of accountability? Take for example the situation in the community. The rules that the society dictates can sometimes be so distracting but if I would consider that rules are meant to be followed and not meant to be broken, then everything in the community will be in order. The very simple sign, â€Å"No smoking† at the gasoline station is meant to be abided.... In this case, is this really my duty not to smoke Or is it simply following the rules and being aware of the consequences if I smoke at the gasoline station How can I say that it is a matter of common sense How does comprehension differ from awareness How does common sense differ from morally dictated laws If I do something, should I think the welfare of others Take for example a friend of mine needs a job. Let us name my friend Elle. Elle has been looking for a job for the past six months. Now an opportunity for her to work part time has landed on her lap. Her duty is to fill in the position of a nurse in a nursing home for only three days. Now as she started working, she does not want to let go of the opportunity. What she did was to convince the nursing home administrator to hire her full time instead of the 2 Nurse whom she has temporarily replaced for three days. Elle was able to convince the nursing home administrator to hire her full time at the expense of the nurse who only took her days off. Who is now at fault here Is it that of the nursing home administrator or is it that of scheming Elle who thought of her own self interest rather than the nurse who has worked in the nursing home for years When the nurse returned, she does not have a job anymore. On Elle's part, she would rather think of her own survival rather than the welfare of the nurse whom she has replaced. In this situation, the context of good and bad is really out of the maxim of the rules of good and evil. Take for example the context of suicide. Japan is considered the country with the highest suicide rate. In Japan, suicide is common but in the milieu of Christianity, suicide is not advisable. In this framework,

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - Essay Example However, the definition of stress from the proponents tends to face a lot of criticism (Passmore, 1967). The second definition of stress from the organism perspective is a set of challenges that human being face. The challenges cause discomfort, anxiety, speculation, and uneasiness among other emotions. When the challenges face people, they must devise ways to overcome them. The evaluation is done in order to determine whether one is capable of solving the issue at hand. When the means of solving the problem are exhausted, and no changes have been made, it results to stress. According to this perspective, stress is the set of forces that originate from the external environment that make life very unbearable for human beings. The forces make it difficult for human beings to cope with the conditions that exist. It causes mental torture and result to hormonal changes that may interfere with the biological functions of the body. The body then becomes exposed to diseases. This kind of stress originates from factors which are beyond the control of individual (Despues, 1999). The process organism perspective definition is the best because it acknowledges that the stress is largely outside the control and influence of a human being and has the potential to have an adverse impact on someone. Sometimes, stress requires anyone to be skilled in knowing how to overcome the stressful situations and position himself strategically in order to survive. Internal factors and external factors are the main causes of stress. Logical positivism definition of stress is only concerned with proving that stress must be determined using measurable parameters. It does not provide the tools that can be used to measure the existence of stress. The proponents of the definition had only the intention of watering down the concepts of believers of metaphysics philosophers. Philosophy branch deals with abstract concepts where theoretical work is being emphasized. The two schools of thoughts